A psychological principle discovered by Daniel Kahneman showing that people judge experiences based on their peak (most intense moment) and end, rather than the total duration, with implications for structuring work sessions and breaks for optimal perceived productivity.
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Peak-End Rule
The peak-end rule is a psychological heuristic in which people judge an experience largely based on how they felt at its peak (its most intense point) and at its end, rather than based on the total sum or average of every moment of the experience.
The peak-end rule is an elaboration on the snapshot model of remembered utility proposed by Barbara Fredrickson and Daniel Kahneman. They theorized that these snapshots are actually the average of the most affectively intense moment of an experience and the feeling experienced at the end.
A related phenomenon called duration neglect shows that the effects of an experience's duration upon retrospective evaluation are extremely slight. People tend to remember the peak and end moments while largely ignoring how long an experience lasted.
Classic studies demonstrated the peak-end rule through experiments where subjects:
Against the law of temporal monotonicity, subjects were more willing to repeat the second trial, despite prolonged exposure to uncomfortable temperatures.
Research shows the peak-end effect on retrospective summary evaluations was:
The peak-end rule influences many aspects of life, including consumer behavior, pain tolerance, motivation levels, and how people remember their productivity and work experiences.
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