Software project management principle stating that adding manpower to a late project makes it later, highlighting the communication overhead and ramp-up time costs of expanding team size.
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Brooks' Law
Brooks' Law is an observation about software project management coined by Fred Brooks in his 1975 book "The Mythical Man-Month." It states:
"Adding manpower to a late software project makes it later."
Each additional person brings fixed hours (typically 40/week), but communication paths expand exponentially:
Communication Paths Formula: n(n-1)/2
Where n = number of team members
Examples:
At some point, each additional person becomes a net loss.
Brooks identified that new team members:
Study of over 1,000 projects identified:
Project success rates by size:
(Success = on time, on budget, meeting requirements)
When estimating, factor in:
The principle remains highly relevant in:
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