A widely-used survey instrument developed by Macan et al. (1990) to measure time management behaviors across four dimensions: goal-setting and prioritizing, time management mechanics, preference for organization, and perceived control of time. Used in 39+ empirical studies with high reliability (Cronbach's alpha 0.76-0.97).
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Time Management Behavior Scale (TMBS)
The Time Management Behavior Scale (TMBS) is a survey instrument originally developed by Macan et al. (1990) and later refined by Macan (1994). It was the most frequently used measurement tool in the systematic review of 107 empirical studies, appearing in 39 studies.
The scale measures four sub-dimensions of time management behavior:
The TMBS has demonstrated high internal consistency, with Cronbach's alpha values ranging from 0.76 to 0.97 across studies. It was used across both higher education and workplace research settings.
The scale was employed in 39 empirical studies spanning both educational and workplace contexts. Its broad adoption reflects its reliability and the comprehensiveness of its four-factor structure, making it a cornerstone instrument in quantitative time management research from 2006-2021.
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