Amazon's organizational principle that teams should be small enough to be fed with two pizzas (typically 5-10 people), maximizing communication efficiency, ownership, and productivity.
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Two-Pizza Team Rule
The Two-Pizza Team Rule is an organizational principle from Amazon founder Jeff Bezos stating that teams should be small enough to be fed with two pizzas—typically 5-10 people. This approach minimizes communication overhead, increases individual accountability, and enhances productivity.
Ideally, this translates to:
Smaller teams minimize lines of communication and decrease overhead of bureaucracy and decision-making.
Communication Paths Formula: Connections = n(n-1)/2
Where n = number of team members
Examples:
As team size grows, communication complexity explodes, consuming time and creating confusion.
Ringelmann Effect: Individual productivity decreases in larger groups due to:
Inversely, individual effort increases as team size decreases.
With fewer people:
Benefits:
Found that teams with fewer than 10 members were:
Fred Brooks observed: "Adding manpower to a late software project makes it later."
Two-pizza teams avoid this by:
Two-pizza teams at Amazon have:
Solution:
Solution:
Solution:
Solution:
Smaller teams mean:
Fewer people means:
Compact teams enable:
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